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Friday, November 24, 2023

How much money should people earn to maintain sports cars?

Maintaining a sports car involves more than just the initial purchase price; it encompasses ongoing expenses like insurance, fuel, maintenance, and potential repairs. Firstly, insurance costs for sports cars are typically higher due to their performance nature, and rates can vary based on factors such as driving history and location. Consequently, individuals considering sports car ownership should budget for elevated insurance premiums compared to standard vehicles.






Do you have any experience with taking and clearing exams in the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)? Are they difficult to pass?

While I don't have personal experiences, I can provide information about the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) exams. The ACCA qualification is renowned for its rigorous and comprehensive examination process, designed to assess candidates' knowledge and skills in various aspects of accounting, finance, and business. The difficulty of the exams often depends on individual preparedness, academic background, and commitment to study.


ACCA exams are known for their challenging nature, requiring candidates to demonstrate a deep understanding of accounting principles, financial management, taxation, and other related topics. The exams are divided into different levels, with each level becoming progressively more complex. Many candidates find the professional level exams particularly demanding, as they delve into advanced technical areas and require critical thinking and analytical skills.


Success in ACCA exams often necessitates a combination of thorough preparation, practical experience, and effective time management. Candidates are encouraged to engage in continuous learning, stay updated on industry developments, and practice with past exam papers. Additionally, ACCA offers various resources, including study materials and support from tutors, to help candidates prepare adequately. While challenging, achieving ACCA qualification is a significant accomplishment and opens doors to diverse career opportunities in the field of accountancy and finance.

Wednesday, November 22, 2023

What is an experience you had at a car dealership you’ll never forget?

I don't have personal experiences, but I can share a fictional anecdote for you.


Once, I visited a car dealership with a friend who was in search of a new vehicle. The salesperson we encountered seemed overly eager, bombarding us with technical details and features that felt overwhelming. As we browsed, it became evident that the salesperson was more focused on pushing specific models rather than understanding our needs.


Amidst the negotiation process, an unexpected twist occurred when the dealership's manager joined the conversation. Contrary to the initial pushiness, the manager took a more empathetic approach, genuinely listening to our preferences and concerns. This unexpected shift in dynamics left a lasting impression. In the end, my friend purchased a car not just for its features but because of the manager's genuine effort to make the buying experience more personal.


Reflecting on that visit, it became a reminder that the people and their approach at a dealership can significantly impact the overall experience. It highlighted the importance of a customer-centric approach and the difference it can make in creating a positive and memorable interaction at a car dealership.

What is the best way to prepare for the ACCA exams? Where can I find good study notes online?

To prepare effectively for ACCA exams, it's crucial to adopt a strategic and disciplined approach. First and foremost, familiarize yourself with the exam syllabus and structure. Allocate your study time based on the weightage of each topic to ensure comprehensive coverage. Utilize official ACCA study materials, as they are designed to align with exam requirements.


Consider joining online forums or study groups where you can engage with fellow ACCA candidates, exchange insights, and seek clarification on challenging topics. Additionally, explore reputable online learning platforms that offer ACCA study resources. Websites like OpenTuition, ACCA-X, and BPP Learning Media provide study notes, practice questions, and video lectures to enhance your understanding.


Furthermore, practice past exam papers under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment and improve time management skills. Don't overlook the importance of revision; periodically revisit key concepts to reinforce your understanding. Lastly, stay updated on any changes in the syllabus or exam format through official ACCA communications. Remember, a well-rounded preparation strategy that combines official materials, online resources, practice, and interaction with peers can greatly contribute to exam succes.

How do I get good grades in college?


To excel academically in college, it's crucial to adopt effective study habits and time management skills. First and foremost, attend classes regularly and actively engage in lectures. Taking thorough notes can enhance your understanding of the material and serve as a valuable resource for exam preparation. Additionally, participate in discussions and seek clarification on concepts you find challenging. Building a strong foundation of understanding from the beginning will make it easier to grasp more complex topics as the course progresses.


Create a structured study schedule to allocate dedicated time for each subject. Break down your coursework into manageable chunks, focusing on one topic at a time. Consistent, focused study sessions are often more productive than last-minute cramming. Utilize resources such as textbooks, online materials, and supplementary readings to deepen your comprehension. Form study groups with classmates to exchange ideas, discuss difficult concepts, and quiz each other. Teaching the material to others is a powerful way to reinforce your own understanding.


Effective time management extends beyond academics. Prioritize your commitments and strike a balance between studying, socializing, and self-care. Adequate sleep, a balanced diet, and regular exercise contribute to overall well-being, positively influencing your cognitive function and academic performance. Lastly, don't hesitate to seek help when needed. Professors, tutors, and academic support services are there to assist you. Don't be afraid to ask questions and take advantage of the resources available to you. Remember, success in college is a combination of diligence, organization, and a holistic approach to your well-being.

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Tips for New Principals in Education


Most new principals simply try to do too much. For a new principal, garnering support and getting everyone on board and getting them to be data driven and work toward the betterment of student achievement is a challenge. The day to day can be overwhelming, so you really need to build collaborative teams that enable people to work together.
Very often, a new principal will observe and look at a culture first. They might do a survey to see if they know what's going on. They might do retreats with faculty, working with team leaders to build a powerful and positive culture. Remember, building that kind of culture can take years.
Remember, nontraditional figures are essential. Very often, the custodian and the related figures (teachers, assistants, tutors, coaches, and so on) have a lot to do with the culture of a school. If the secretary greets you in a friendly way, you know that that's a positive school.
At my school, we have a poster of sayings for the faculty room. It's called our Stop-Keep-Start list. We have things like the following: Stop
  • Nonmeaningful assignments
  • Making excuses
  • Moving students on when they have not reached mastery
  • Ignoring parent responsibilities—call them
  • Being negative
  • Time wasters
Keep
  • Professional learning communities
  • Using e-mail
  • Sharing new ideas and being there for one another
  • Interventions and differentiation
  • Celebrations and spotting good character
  • Consistent procedures in place
Start
  • Requiring maximum effort
  • Implementing vocabulary through the grades
  • Working on attendance by teaching kids how to stay healthy
  • Training all teachers for interventions for students and families with problems
  • Incorporating science and social studies into the reading program

Remember, principals tend to think they'll change the world. You have to be careful because there's pressure to make things the best that they can be, but if you do too much, you will lose sight of what your goal should be.


NURSES WHO CAN independently interpret an ECG can prepare to intervene appropriately and assist with emergency care the patient may need. Last month, the first part of this article discussed the basics of ECG interpretation. This article explains some advanced techniques that nurses can use to interpret common ECG abnormalities: bundle-branch blocks, myocardial infarction (MI), and common dysrhythmias. Bundle-branch blocks: Obstruction in the conduction Probably the most common ECG abnormality nurses encounter is a bundle-branch block, which appears on the ECG as a wider-than-normal QRS complex (0.12 second or more in duration). Originating in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the cardiac electrical impulse (action potential) normally travels to the atrioventricular node through the bundle of His into the right and left bundle branches in the septum. The two bundle branches terminate in the Purkinje fibers. When the impulse reaches them, ventricular depolarization begins. Normally the impulse is delivered to myocardial cells on both sides of the heart simultaneously, so depolarization begins at the same time on both sides of the heart. The result is a very fast, synchronous contraction of the ventricles. On the ECG, the normal QRS complex duration from two intact bundle branches is less than 0.12 second (fewer than three small squares of the ECG paper). A bundle-branch block occurs when one of the two bundle branches can't conduct the cardiac impulse to the myocardial cells. The most common reason for chronic bundle-branch block is ischemic heart disease. When a coronary artery supplying the bundle branch becomes stenotic, the flow of oxygenated blood is reduced and the bundle branch can't conduct impulses normally. A common cause of acute bundle-branch block is acute MI. If the MI involves the ventricular septum, one of the bundle branches may become infarcted, leading to a loss of conduction. Although uncommon, physical injury of a bundle branch during an invasive procedure such as cardiac catheterization or cardiac surgery is another possible cause of bundle-branch block.1 • In a right bundle-branch block (RBBB), impulse conduction to the right ventricle is blocked. The electrical impulse is conducted only to the left side of the heart where left ventricular depolarization begins. The right side of the heart depolarizes only in response to the cell-to-cell wave of depolarization that travels from the left side of the heart. This cell-to-cell depolarization is much slower than the normal synchronous depolarization; that's why the QRS complex is significantly wider than normal. Examine lead V1 to identify a RBBB. In lead V1, the normal QRS complex consists of a small R wave, then a large S wave. As you recall, lead V1 looks at the right side of the heart. A small vector originating in the septum toward V1 creates a small upward R wave; then the predominant mean QRS vector creates the large S wave as the mean QRS vector flows away from lead V1. In RBBB, the path of the mean QRS vector is changed due to left-to-right slow conduction; lead V1 now records a delayed R wave approaching it, resulting in a positive R wave. So the key identifier of RBBB in lead V1 is a QRS complex wider than 0.12 second with a delayed (longer than 0.07 second) positive main R wave. Some RBBBs may display a triphasic waveform (“rabbit ears”) consisting of a small R wave, downward S wave, and a second, larger R wave.2 • In a left bundle-branch block (LBBB), electrical impulses don't reach the left side of the heart normally, so once again, synchronous depolarization of the ventricles doesn't occur. Depolarization begins in the right side of the heart and travels in a right-to-left direction via slow cell-to-cell depolarization. Lead V1 records the mean QRS vector directed away from its positive lead, resulting in a wide downward complex. Because the mean vector takes a relatively longer time to cross to the left side of the heart, the QRS complex is wider than 0.12 second. The key to recognizing a LBBB is a wide, downward S wave or rS wave in leads V1 and V2. FigureImage Tools Back to Top | Article Outline Recognizing an MI One of the most critical functions of the 12-lead ECG is to determine whether a patient is experiencing an acute MI. A series of predictable ECG changes that occur during an MI help clinicians identify it quickly and initiate appropriate treatment. Among one of the earliest changes in the ECG tracing is an elevation of the ST segment, indicating reversible myocardial injury (see Understanding ST-segment elevation). In a normal ECG, the ST segment is level with the tracing's baseline (isoelectric). When myocardial cells sustain injury from MI, depolarization is impaired, resulting in ST-segment elevation in the leads monitoring the affected areas of the heart. An ST-segment-elevation MI (STEMI), the most serious type of MI, is associated with more complications and a higher risk of death.3 The leads with ST-segment elevations identify the area of myocardial injury, so a nurse can determine the region of the heart affected if he or she knows which area is monitored by which ECG lead. Let's look at some examples. • Because leads II, III, and aVF all monitor the inferior (or bottom) wall of the heart from slightly different directions, they're usually described as the inferior leads. This area of the heart is perfused by the right coronary artery (see Going with the flow). A patient with a STEMI involving the inferior wall of the heart will have elevated ST segments in leads II, III, and aVF (see Inferior-wall STEMI). FigureFigure Image Tools A posterior-wall MI, which may be difficult to diagnose on a 12-lead ECG, may accompany an inferior-wall and/or lateral-wall MI. If a posterior-wall MI is suspected, the healthcare provider will examine a posterior lead ECG (leads V7 to V9), which is beyond the scope of this article.4 FigureFigure Image Tools • Another common infarct lead pattern occurs when an MI involves the interventricular septum, which is perfused by the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. In a septal MI, the leads monitoring the septum's electrical activity will display elevated ST segments. Precordial (chest) leads V1 and V2, which are located on the anterior chest wall directly over the septum, most accurately monitor the septum's electrical activity. (These leads also are known as the septal leads.) The patient experiencing a septal MI will have ST-segment elevations in leads V1 and V2. • Directly to the left of the septal area of the heart is the large frontal or anterior wall of the heart, which is also perfused by the LAD coronary artery. As the most muscular and powerful pumping wall of the heart, the anterior wall is responsible for a large proportion of cardiac output. Anatomically, leads V3 and V4 are located directly above the anterior wall of the heart and monitor its electrical activity. An anterior-wall STEMI will cause the ST segments in these leads to be elevated (see Anterior-wall STEMI). • The heart's lateral wall, perfused by the left circumflex artery, is located to the left of the anterior wall and follows the curve of the left lateral chest wall. Relatively muscular, it also contributes significantly to the heart's pumping ability. The ECG lead pattern that monitors the lateral wall's electrical activity is more complex because the lateral wall is monitored by a combination of precordial (chest) leads and frontal (limb) leads. Chest leads V5 and V6 are located on the left lateral chest wall and monitor electrical activity by looking down at the lateral heart wall. Leads I and aVL also monitor the lateral wall's electrical activity. A patient with a lateral-wall STEMI will have ST-segment elevations in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6. FigureFigure Image Tools Although an MI can affect a single heart wall, such as a discrete septal MI or anterior-wall MI, in some cases the area of infarction involves more than one area of the heart. In such a case, ST-segment elevations appear in the leads monitoring all of the involved areas. For example, if the infarction extends into both the septum and the anterior wall, the ST-segment elevations would appear in leads V1, V2, V3, and V4. The areas involved in the MI are reflected by the descriptive name; in this case, an anteroseptal MI. For a look at how MI affects heart muscle, see Tissue damage after MI. Identifying common dysrhythmias When assessing for cardiac rhythm abnormalities on the ECG, treat the patient, not the monitor. If an abnormal rhythm or rhythm change appears, assess the patient and document level of consciousness, vital signs, chest pain, shortness of breath, and other signs and symptoms associated with the dysrhythmia. Use your assessment skills, nursing judgment, and knowledge of ECGs to determine the level of urgency. • Sinus bradycardia is a sinus rhythm slower than the lower normal sinus rate of 60 beats/minute. The P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves are all normal. Sinus bradycardia is commonly caused by ischemic heart disease that causes the SA node to malfunction. Sinus bradycardia can also be caused by acute MI and some types of medications, such as beta-blockers. Well-conditioned athletes may have normal resting heart rates slower than 60 beats/minute. Assess the patient for hemodynamic stability if a new or profound sinus bradycardia develops and contact the healthcare provider if the patient is symptomatic. Signs and symptoms that may accompany sinus bradycardia include hypotension, lethargy, fatigue, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. Be prepared to follow the American Heart Association (AHA) Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines. • Sinus tachycardia is a sinus rhythm that's faster than the upper normal sinus rate of 100 beats/minute. Sinus tachycardia can produce heart rates of 100 to 150 beats/minute. At faster rates, the heart's myocardial oxygen demand increases, and a patient with preexisting heart disease may experience chest discomfort or other signs and symptoms. Sinus tachycardia usually is related to a physiologic cause, such as fever, infection, pain, physical exertion, anxiety, hypoxia, or shock.5 If the cause is identified and treated, the heart rate usually decreases. To manage sinus tachycardia with an unknown cause, the healthcare provider may prescribe a beta-blocker such as metoprolol or atenolol. • Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common dysrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, has two predominant characteristics: an irregularly irregular heart rhythm and no discernible P waves. Normally, after passive ventricular filling, the atria contract regularly and eject their load of blood into the ventricles (atrial kick). In AF, atrial kick is lost. Instead of contracting normally, the atria quiver due to random and chaotic depolarization of atrial cells. The random atrial depolarization is also responsible for the irregular ventricular rate, which can vary from 40 to 180 beats/minute. AF has many causes, including atrial enlargement from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other lung disease, thyroid disease, ischemic heart disease, acute MI, stress or fatigue, and excessive use of caffeine, alcohol, or cigarettes. AF may be detected first during a routine vital signs check. If the patient has a new irregular heart rate or an abnormally fast or slow heart rate, obtain a 12-lead ECG and look for an irregularly irregular rhythm and fibrillation (f) waves, the two hallmarks of AF. Perform a thorough physical assessment because patients can rapidly become hemodynamically unstable or develop worsening heart failure. If the patient has unstable or symptomatic AF, follow AHA ACLS guidelines. If the patient is stable, the healthcare provider may order oral medications to control or convert AF, such as metoprolol, diltiazem, digoxin, or amiodarone. Figure Figure Image Tools Figure Figure Image Tools All patients with AF lasting more than 48 hours are at high risk for thrombus formation because of irregular blood flow in the atria. If released into the circulation, these thrombi can cause arterial occlusion resulting in life-threatening complications such as stroke. As prescribed, administer I.V. heparin and start the patient on oral warfarin to prevent thromboembolism.6 Several new novel oral anticoagulants are now available, such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban. These medications don't require periodic blood tests to determine the level of anticoagulation.7 • Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are characterized by a wide, abnormal QRS complex because conduction occurs through the ventricular tissue and not the His-Purkinje system. Look for a QRS greater than 0.12 second that appears large, abnormal, and premature (occurring before the next sinus beat). Caused by irritable ventricular tissue that depolarizes early and unpredictably, PVCs can be triggered by heart failure, electrolyte imbalances, stimulants such as caffeine, hypoxia, acute MI, mitral valve prolapse, and thyroid disease. Rare or isolated PVCs seldom require aggressive treatment. However, if you notice that the frequency of PVCs is increasing, or if you see new groups or “runs” of PVCs, contact the healthcare provider for further evaluation. Figure Figure Image Tools Figure Figure Image Tools Figure Figure Image Tools • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a very rapid (100 to 250 beats/minute) series of wide-complex ventricular depolarizations. In this dysrhythmia, abnormal ventricular tissue rapidly depolarizes, taking rhythm control away from the sinus node. Along with the rapid rate, VT is characterized by wide, bizarre QRS complexes usually followed by large T waves in a direction opposite to the major QRS deflection. If the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless, call a code and start CPR. If the patient has a pulse and is awake, treat this situation as a medical emergency. Call a rapid response team, bring a crash cart with a monitor/defibrillator to the bedside, and follow AHA ACLS guidelines Summing up Like any new skill, interpreting 12-lead ECGs takes practice and commitment. Nurses can improve their expertise by making a habit of reviewing their patients' ECGs routinely and seeking guidance from colleagues experienced in ECG interpretation, such as senior clinical nurses, clinical nurse specialists, and clinical nurse educators. Many physicians and other healthcare providers are also happy to review ECGs with nurses who are interested in learning to spot problems early. With practice and experience, nurses can make ECG interpretation a valuable nursing tool that helps them recognize complications promptly and intervene appropriately.

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Beautiful Microsoft tablet Surface let down by software gaps

Tech bloggers and other reviewers praised Microsoft Corp's new Surface RT tablet for beautiful design but said a shortage of applications and a slow operating system meant the result was heartbreak for users. Microsoft begins selling the Surface on Friday, joining the fight in a tablet market dominated by Apple Inc's (AAPL.O) iPads and devices using Google Inc's (GOOG.O) Android system. Reviewers given the product early to play with it said its first version paled in comparison with the iPad. Matt Burns of TechCrunch said the tablet was great and the Windows RT operating system showed promise, but he still was not keen. "There are simply more mature options available right now," he wrote. (r.reuters.com/tes53t) Similarly, Sam Biddle of Gizmodo, a technology website, said Surface had fantastic potential but he was sharply critical of the operating system, Windows RT, saying it was underpowered, lacked functionality. "While potential is worth your attention, it's not worth your paycheck. Surface RT gets so many things right, and pulls so many good things together into one package. But it is undercooked," he wrote. (r.reuters.com/xes53t) Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system, also available on tablets, had the full range of Windows apps but Windows RT does not, and lacks compatibility with older software, Vincent Nguyen at Slashgear said. (r.reuters.com/pus53t) "Microsoft hasn't done the best job explaining the differences, and many consumers are likely to buy RT only to find out they don't have the full functionality of Windows 8," added CNET's Shara Tibken. (r.reuters.com/nus53t) Microsoft has said it expects to have 100,000 apps in place for the tablet by January, whereas Apple has 275,000 iPad apps available now and its tablet also runs many more iPhone apps. "Microsoft says there will be thousands of apps at launch, with a constant stream of more coming, but its apps offerings pale next to the number Apple has made available for the iPad," Edward Baig at USA Today wrote. (r.reuters.com/kus53t) Wall Street Journal's Walt Mossberg praised the availability of Microsoft Office apps and optional keyboards. "If you can live with its tiny number of third-party apps, and somewhat disappointing battery life, it may give you the productivity some miss in other tablets," he said. (r.reuters.com/jus53t) But Wired reviewer Mathew Honan warned that the tablet would not turn heads. "Nobody asked me about my Surface. I tried flashing it all over the place. But despite my best efforts, no one seemed curious," Honan wrote. (r.reuters.com/ses53t) "The only person to comment on it was a TSA agent at the Seattle airport, who told me I didn't need to take my iPad out of my bag."

iPad mini won't upset low-end market - analysts

REUTERS - Apple Inc's "iPad mini" will attract new customers but the higher-than-expected price is unlikely to make it a threat to low-cost tablets such as Amazon.com Inc's(AMZN.O) Kindle, analysts said, in a muted reaction to the new tablet. Only a few analysts revise their price targets for Apple's shares ahead of the company's quarterly results announcement on Thursday. The shares were flat at $615 in morning trade on the Nasdaq. Canaccord Genuity raised its target on the stock to $800 from $797, while Barclays Capital cut its to $800 from $810. The 7.9-inch mini version of the iPad has most of the functions and features of the full-size $499 iPad but is cheaper by $170. However, the $329 price for the Wi-Fi only model was higher than many analysts had expected and some said the gadget might struggle to compete with the cheaper Amazon (AMZN.O) Kindle Fire and Google Inc's (GOOG.O) Nexus 7, which have prices starting in the $159-$199 range. The device may also lure buyers away from Apple's flagship 10-inch tablet, they said. "We were hoping the price would be at least a little lower given its competition is situated as low as $99, with many starting in the $199-$249 range," Barclays Capital analyst Ben Reitzes said. His new price target of $800 is more in line with those of other analysts, although most targets are still well above Apple's current share price. Demand for Google's Nexus 7 and Amazon's Kindle Fire is unlikely to be much affected by the launch of the mini given the significant price gap, Nomura Equity Research said. On a positive note, the high price made it less likely that the device would eat into Apple's margins, the brokerage said. Barclays estimated iPad mini sales at more than 5 million units in the December quarter, while Canaccord Genuity forecast sales of 9.25 million units during the three months. Apple sold about 17 million iPads in the quarter ended June. The iPad mini will help Apple reach a new customer base that may not have been able to afford the higher-end version, Canaccord Genuity analyst Michael Walkley said. "While we believe these strong sales will come largely at the expense of Apple's competition, we concede iPad Mini will likely cannibalize iPad and iPod Touch sales," Walkley wrote in a research note. Despite the cannibalization, the mini should greatly expand the market for iPads, whose sales have exceeded 100 million units in just two-and-a-half years after the tablet was introduced, Needham & Co analyst Charlie Wolf said. Apple will enjoy a very happy holiday season on its refreshed product line and because of the "hopelessly backlogged" iPhone 5 orderbook, he said. (Reporting by Sruthi Ramakrishnan and Supantha Mukherjee; Editing by Rodney Joyce and Sreejiraj Eluvangal)

Tuesday, June 5, 2012


Introduction: Android is a Linux-based mobile phone operating system developed by Google. Android is unique because Google is actively developing the platform but giving it away for free to hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to use Android on their devices. Beyond the Phone: A modified version of Android is used in the Google TV, the Barnes & Noble Nook eReader, the Samsung Galaxy Tab, and countless other devices. Parrot makes both a digital photo frame and a car stereo system powered by modified versions of Android. Open Handset Alliance: Google formed a group of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies called the Open Handset Alliance with the goal of contributing to Android development. Most members also have the goal of making money from Android, either by selling phones, phone service, or mobile applications. Android Market:These apps can be downloaded from the Android Market. If the app costs money, you pay for it using Google Checkout. T-Mobile also has an agreement to allow their phone customers to purchase some apps and have the fee added to their monthly phone bill. Some devices do not include support for the Android Market and may use an alternative market. Service Providers: The iPhone has been very popular for AT&T, but unless you void your warranty to unlock it, you can only use an iPhone with AT&T. Android is an open platform, so many carriers can potentially offer Android-powered phones. That doesn't mean individual carriers won't lock the specific phone they sell you to their service, but every major carrier in the US offers an Android phone. Android is currently the fastest growing phone platform in the world. Data Plan: To use Android on a phone, you need a data plan on top of your voice plan. You can't even activate an Android phone without a data plan enabled. Some networks in the US offered tiered data service, and some offer unlimited plans. Anyone can download the SDK (software development kit) and write applications for Android phones. Google doesn't screen developers or applications. Google Services: Because Google developed Android, it comes with a lot of Google services installed right out of the box. Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Maps, and Google Web search are all pre-installed, and Google is also the default Web page for the Web browser. However, because Android can be modified, carriers can choose to change this. Verizon Wireless, for instance, has modified some Android phones to use Bing as the default search engine. Touchscreen: Android supports a touch screen and is difficult to use without one. You can use a trackball for some navigation, but nearly everything is done through touch. Android also supports multi-touch gestures such as pinch-to-zoom in versions 2.1 (Eclair) and above. Keyboard: The initial release of Android required a separate keyboard. However, "Cupcake," (Android 1.5) and later editions have all supported an on-screen keyboard. That means you can use models like the Verizon Droid 2 that include a slide-out physical keyboard or the HTC EVO that rely entirely on the touch screen. The Bottom Line: Android is an exciting platform for consumers and developers. It is the philosophical opposite of the iPhone in many ways. Where the iPhone tries to create the best user experience by restricting hardware and software standards, Android tries to insure it by opening up as much of the operating system as possible. This is both good and bad. Fragmented versions of Android may provide a unique user experience, but they also mean fewer users per variation. That means it's harder to support for app developers, accessory makers, and technology writers (ahem). Because each Android upgrade must be modified for the specific hardware and user interface upgrades of each device, that also means it takes longer for modified Android phones to receive updates. Fragmentation issues aside, Android is a robust platform that boasts some of the fastest and most amazing phones and tablets on the market.

Tuesday, January 31, 2012

What is 3D printing?


3D printing is a method of manufacturing everything from tools to shoes to jewelery, or even car and aerospace parts using a computer-controlled printer. The fundamental rule of 3D printing is that it’s an additive manufacturing technique, unlike machining, turning, milling, and sawing which are subtractive.

While there are different kinds of 3D printing, all 3D objects are generally built out of layers. A 3D printer starts with the bottom layer, waits for it to dry or solidify, and then works its way up. This layering process differs depending on the printer and the material it works with — metal, plaster, polymer, resin — but it also depends on whether it’s an industrial or commercial 3D printer.
Industrial vs. commercial

While consumer- and small business-oriented 3D printing is only just taking off, mostly thanks to the MakerBot and RepRaps, 3D printing has been used in an industrial setting for 30 years. Industrial 3D printers tend to be very large and very expensive, but at the same time they are a lot faster than commercial printers. Some industrial printers can print with multiple nozzles at the same time, or even use metal (more on that later). For the most part, industrial printers are nearly always used for rapid prototyping (usually by architects, automakers), but sometimes 3D printed objects — especially in the case of metal objects — are used in final products.

Consumer-oriented 3D printers are cheaper, smaller, slower, and are usually lower resolution than their industrial counterparts. Consumer printers are still used for rapid prototyping, but they’re also used by people who just like the idea of printing stuff out. Generally, consumer printers use thermoplastic extrusion — i.e. it dribbles out tiny dots of melted plastic.
Different printing techniques

3D printing -- the original is on the left hand sideDepending on the material used, how many colors you want, the resolution you require, and how much money you’re willing to fork out, there are at least five popular 3D printing methods to choose from. Some are very similar, but some are really rather crazy (or brilliant).

Fused deposition modeling – The most common 3D printing method is fused deposition modeling (FDM). The raw material with this process is a spool of plastic or metal wire, which is melted and placed by the printer’s nozzle. It quickly hardens, and then the next layer can be added. As far as commercial printers are concerned (like the MakerBot), FDM always uses plastic wire (filament) and is usually called “thermoplastic deposition” in layman’s terms
Inkjet printing — Using special inks (resins and binders) it’s possible to build up a 3D model using a device that’s very similar to a home or office inkjet printer. Layer upon layer of resin and binder are added until an object is created. This is the only 3D printing process that allows for custom colors.
Selective laser sintering – Sintering is the process of creating solid objects from powders, and in the case of selective laser sintering (SLS) the powder can be metal, plastic, ceramic, or glass. Basically, SLS uses a pulsed laser to “draw” the desired cross-section. The powder fuses, and then then the laser forms the next layer on top. This is very much an industrial method, as it requires a rather strong laser.
Digital light processing – With DLP (yes, the same technology behind DLP projectors), a vat of liquid polymer is turned into a very strong solid by exposing it to light. Very high accuracy/resolution can be achieved with this technique — and again, this is an industrial method. Stereolithography is similar to DLP manufacturing, but a lot more expensive.
The others – Finally, there are a few 3D printing techniques that aren’t used extensively, but could be in the future. Resin can be cured using LEDs (similar to the DLP approach); 2-photon photopolymerization can be used to create ultra-small 3D-printed features; laminated object manufacturing uses bits of paper or card stuck together that are then cut out using a laser.

The future of 3D printing

Star Trek teleporterWe’ve already alluded to a few uses for 3D printing — prototyping, making stuff at home — but it’s worth diving into some of the crazier things that 3D printing is capable of now, and what it will be capable of in the future.

3D printers can be used to create titanium aircraft parts, human bones, complex, nano-scale machines, and more. In the future, it’s fairly safe to assume that we’ll be able to manufacture almost anything with a 3D printer — and everything we can’t make with a printer (clothes, textiles), automated CNC machines, or something like them, will take care of. Ultimately, 3D printers might also be the key to matter replicators, just like in Star Trek. It’s important to note that we already have very accurate tools for creating 3D models of existing objects; we have the ability to scan a cup, and then create an exact copy using a 3D printer.

Eventually, one day, you will walk up to a 3D printer and say “make me an iPad,” and it will make you an iPad. If we can create 3D printers with atomic-level resolution, they might also usher in another Star Trek gadget: teleporters. There’s also the (rather worrying?) fact that many commercial printers are labeled as “self-replicating,” in that they’re capable of printing their own replacement parts. In other words, if we gave a 3D printer some kind of artificial intelligence, who knows what it would into.

3D TV: Will 2012 be the year to trash the glasses?


After the rush to upgrade to HDTV, 3D was supposed to be the next big thing. Propelled by the enthusiasm for a few well-crafted media properties like the blockbuster movie Avatar, initial expectations were set very high. But cost, a lack of compelling content, potential health issues, and the need for annoying and expensive glasses have kept 3D TV from getting very far. Now, several firms are trying to break through by getting rid of those pesky glasses, offering glasses-free 3D experiences, while others are upping the ante by providing a premium experience with inexpensive polarized glasses or even new version of expensive, but now wireless, active glasses.

CES 2011 was billed as the year of 3D, but this year’s show also had dozens of offerings, many of which sound quite similar on paper. Here, ExtremeTech checks out the most exciting prospects for no-glasses 3D in 2012 and beyond.
StreamTV’s Ultra-D: Wide-viewing-angle 3D without glasses

Until now, the most common way to achieve 3D viewing without glasses has been with specially designed displays using what is called a “parallax barrier” — where any viewer to the left of the display’s center sees the image recorded by the left camera (and meant for the left eye) and any viewer to the right sees the right-side image (meant for the right eye). As you can imagine, this only works if the person viewing the screen sits exactly where the parallax barrier is set up to divide the image. As a result, it works well for personal display screens like the one on the Fujifilm and Panasonic 3D cameras, and the LG Thrill and HTC Evo 3D smartphones, which allow capturing and viewing 3D. But a parallax barrier doesn’t work well when you have more than one person in the audience, or if you want to move around at all while watching the media — since it only performs properly if the viewer is directly in front of the direction for which the barrier is tuned.

StreamTV prototype display showing multi-viewer 3D without glasses or face tracking. CES 2012 Images by David CardinalSeveral companies are using this year’s CES to launch new solutions for multi-viewer 3D without glasses. StreamTV, best known for the Elocity tablet, rolled out an impressive platform called Ultra-D, which allows not just autostereoscopic (without glasses) viewing of existing 3D content, but realtime conversion of conventional 2D images and video into its 3D format. On paper Ultra-D slices through the two major bottlenecks hampering 3D very nicely. By having displays that are autostereoscopic no glasses are required, and by allowing realtime conversion to 3D, suddenly a near infinite amount of content is available.

The Ultra-D system requires quite a bit of heavy lifting on the hardware and software side. Existing LCD, LED and OLED panels can be used, but an additional microlens layer is required for the displays, as well as new firmware and software. StreamTV is aggressively licensing its platform to makers of TVs, tablets, and smartphones, with the promise of 42-inch and 55-inch LED TVs available in retail by this summer. The Ultra-D TVs will be bundled with StreamTV’s SeeCube, which enables the realtime conversion of 2D to 3D and of traditional 3D content — designed for use with glasses — into autostereoscopic content for display on an Ultra-D device. Tablets and digital picture frames are also on tap, although details haven’t been disclosed.

StreamTV is fairly tight-lipped about how the system actually works, but from watching a variety of their prototypes and talking to some of their researchers, it turns out that instead of the traditional glasses-free solution of having two images — one for the left eye and one for the right — then showing one to each eye — Ultra-D creates 9 different images, each with a unique angle on the scene. The specially built display has an array of microlenses in front of the conventional LCD that project each image out in a series of overlapping cones. As a result each eye sees a combination of as many as 4 different images — all with a slightly different perspective — and is responsible for integrating the total into a coherent picture. Since your eyes are a few inches apart, at most viewing positions your left eye sees a different set of 4 images than your right eye (in essence your right eye is moved over by one, so if your left eye sees image 2, 3, 4, 5, for example, your right eye might see images 3, 4, 5, and 6). This clever approach means that as you move around the viewing area, the image you see actually changes.

The StreamTV Ultra-D prototype looked great on original 3D source material like the 3D Superbowl, but not as good on traditionally filmed football games automatically converted to 3D.The downside of this technique is an apparently less-sharp image, and a tendency for ghosting to occur. While StreamTV downplayed both issues, refusing to discuss resolution by saying there wasn’t a 3D standard for it, and blaming any ghosting on the prototype nature of the monitors, both issues are likely to dog them through its launch later this year, at least until it can show it has solved them adequately for the marketplace. In our testing, some source material, like the Superbowl filmed in 3D, was stunning, with the experience rivaling that of a 3D TV with glasses. Other material, like conventional 2D football coverage converted to 3D, was a little disorienting and the 3D effect detracted from the viewing experience. StreamTV provides two controls, found on the TV remote, to allow for tuning or turning off the effect. One changes the apparent depth of the action in the scene, and the other controls the apparent distance of the scene from the viewer. So you can have action “pop” right in your face, or have scenes with plenty of apparent depth, off in the distance.

Google is FUBAR


Google announced perhaps the biggest change it has ever made to its massive network of web services: Starting in March, your search and surf habits across all of Google’s products will be combined to form the mother of all behavioral profiles. On March 1, Search will know the contents of your email and the videos you watch on YouTube. If you use Google Docs for work, Search will know which company you work for and which industry you work in. Via Google Reader, Search and YouTube will know what content you like to consume. And of course, the kicker: Google’s ad networks — AdSense, AdWords, DoubleClick — will have full access to all of your search and surf habits from every Google web service.

Just so you understand how big this is, Google is by far the largest web property in the US: 153 million Americans hit the search engine alone in 2011 — the single largest website in the US — with YouTube coming in fifth, with 100 million uniques. This story is repeated all over the world, and in some cases it’s even worse: Google “only” has 65% of the search market in the US, but in many European countries (Germany, France, England, etc.) that figure is closer to 90%. YouTube, likewise, is incredibly popular all over the world. The figures for services like Gmail and Google Docs are harder to come by, but they both have hundreds of millions of worldwide users.

This on its own is fairly shocking, but not all that surprising. Personally, I thought Google already did this — I mean, if your entire company is based on targeted advertising, commingling all of your data makes complete commercial sense. If we mix two other factors into the equation, however, it quickly becomes apparent that Google is FUBAR.
The slippery slope

Google eggs... in one basket.First, you can’t opt out of these changes. Basically, on March 1, Google is combining 60 out of its 70 privacy policies to form a Main Privacy Policy, which mandates the sharing of data between services. If you use one of these 60 services (which includes almost everything except Google Chrome), there is no option for you to continue using the old privacy policy that existed when you signed up. If you have a Google account, you must accept this new privacy policy if you want to continue using Gmail, Docs, and so on. You must allow Google to share your data between its services.

Second, it was just two weeks ago that Google turned on Search Plus Your World (SPYW), a massive reworking of its search engine that heavily biases social content from Google+. You will have no doubt noticed that, by default, Google now pollutes your search results with images, likes, and shares from your Google+ Circles. Meanwhile, of course, Google+ is now front and center across almost all of Google’s websites, and on earnings calls Larry Page is bragging that the fledgling social network now has 90 million users (though of course he gives no indication of how many daily users it has, or whether the engagement is anywhere close to Facebook).

Now, it’s obvious where Google is going with this: It wants to be more like Facebook and Apple, both of which have a completely-unified, walled-garden approach — and both of which are enjoying huge leaps in revenue and profits, while Google falls short of quarterly expectations. Nothing happens on an Apple device without Cupertino’s knowledge, and as a result Apple can perfectly tailor its devices for its users (and ratchet up record-breaking quarterly earnings in the process). Facebook — because everything is centralized under the facebook.com domain — enjoys unprecedented access to the surfing habits, likes, shares, and messages of its users. On the other side of the fence, with a slew of discordant, disconnected properties, Google seems to be flailing. SPYW and the March 1 privacy changes are simply the next step in Google’s (rather messy) attempt to weave everything together, before it loses any more ground.


If you want confirmation, here’s what Larry Page — Google’s CEO — reportedly said at a staff event celebrating the launch of SPYW:

“This is the path we’re headed down – a single unified, ‘beautiful’ product across everything. If you don’t get that, then you should probably work somewhere else.”

Mark Zuckerberg vs. Larry Page and Sergey BrinAccording to Pando Daily, this ultimatum and the complete corporate about-turn that SPYW represents has already resulted in Googlers fleeing the company for more pleasant climes. Remember, Google built its entire empire on a search engine that espoused relevancy above all else. Google’s unofficial corporate motto — “don’t be evil” — is meant to remind Googlers that the consumer, rather than the shareholder, is king. With SPYW, Page’s tyrannical declaration, and the upcoming privacy-destroying switch-throw on March 1, Google has sold its soul to the capitalist devil.

In other words, Google has pushed in all of its chips in an epic gamble to beat Facebook at its own game. Google has abandoned its bread and butter in search of greener, tighter-targeted, socially-relevant pastures. The thing is, though, Google doesn’t actually have a choice in the matter. Going social is the right play. Indexed search has peaked. Apps — be it web apps or native mobile apps — are the future, and the only way to index them is through social sentiment, which Google can’t currently do… until it links all of its services together on March 1.

Google Plus, the New FacebookWhy is Google FUBAR, then? Because it is biting the hand that feeds it. Indexed search might have peaked, but it’s still huge, and still propelled Google to over $10 billion in revenue this past quarter. To become Facebook, Google must forsake almost everything that brought it success in the first place. It must irreparably alter its fleet of successful web properties to become more Facebooky. It must alienate users with weird, ungooglesque features. It must force Chrome and Google+ down the throats of users who are simply looking for a brilliant search engine.

The path towards Facebookness is fraught with strife. Facebook, as the incumbent with almost a billion active users, has a huge head start. Facebook can push onwards, continue to reap the truly monumental power of its network effect, and innovate without user backlash. Google on the other hand now has to spend the next year or two maneuvering its gribbly juggernaut between anti-trust, fair trade, and privacy allegations — all while trying to keep the users happy with a search engine that’s no better than Bing. Google is FUBAR.

IBM creates 9nm carbon nanotube transistor that outperforms silicon


IBM has demonstrated a nine nanometer (9nm) carbon nanotube transistor (CNT) — the smallest CNT ever made, and significantly smaller than any commercial silicon transistor. At 9nm, IBM’s transistor is also smaller than the physical limit of silicon transistors, which is around 11nm.

Beyond its diminutive size, the 9nm CNT is capable of switching at very low voltages (0.5V), thus consuming less power than its silicon counterparts — but it can also carry four times as much current, meaning a better signal quality and a wider range of applications.

Carbon nanotubes, much like graphene, have long been heralded as the eventual replacement for silicon transistors due to their improved electrical qualities. There are (obviously) problems for the adoption of CNTs, though: They’re hard to mass produce (though maybe IBM should talk to Berkeley about that), and they also have to reach a maturity level that can unseat a semiconductor technology that has ruled supreme for more than 40 years. It’s not that Intel & Co. don’t want to use carbon nanotubes, but when you’re churning out billions of dollars worth of silicon chips there’s an awful lot of inertia preventing a sideways leap to a new technology.

9nm carbon nanotube transistor from IBMIt is this inertia that resulted in Intel’s 3D FinFET chips — a last gasp effort to squeeze a few more years out of silicon semiconductors. The question is, does Intel also have a working CNT, or does IBM now have the upper hand? Intel’s projected roadmap has an 11nm node in 2015 — but what about after that? It’s important to remember that IBM has one of the most advanced semiconductor processes in the world, along the same lines as TSMC and GloFo. If IBM is the first to market with carbon nanotube transistors, Intel might finally have a challenger.

Thursday, October 20, 2011

New IEEE Computer Society

New IEEE Computer Society


OS ALAMITOS, Calif., 20 October, 2011 – The IEEE Computer Society has expanded coverage of its 14 peer-reviewed journals by launching a new webpage with free articles and multimedia.

What’s New in Transactions provides a quick and easy overview of the Computer Society’s peer-reviewed journals, letting anyone:
• Read free articles from each title,
• View and listen to new multimedia,
• Learn about recent special issues and special sections, and
• Discover open calls for papers.

Among the new features are Spotlight Papers, a showcase of recent journal papers that are offered for free for a limited time; and the Volunteer Spotlight, a series of in-depth interviews with current and former journal editors.

Computer Society journals cover a wide range of topics from artificial intelligence and human-centered computing to computer hardware and mobile computing. To find out more, visit http://www.computer.org/portal/web/publications/transactions.

About the IEEE Computer Society

With nearly 85,000 members, the IEEE Computer Society is the world’s leading organization of computing professionals. Founded in 1946, and the largest of the 38 societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Computer Society is dedicated to advancing the theory and application of computer and information-processing technology, and is known globally for its computing standards activities. For more information, go to http://www.computer.org.

Sunday, August 8, 2010

CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert )

Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
Expert Level Knowledge and Experience
Cisco CCIE

Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE®) is the highest level of technical networking certification offered by Cisco. Put your knowledge and experience to the test. Achieve Cisco CCIE certification and accelerate your career.


The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) certification is accepted worldwide as the most prestigious networking certification in the industry. Network Engineers holding an active Cisco CCIE certification are recognized for their expert network engineering skills and mastery of Cisco products and solutions. The CCIE community has established a reputation of leading the networking industry in deep technical networking knowledge and are deployed into the most technically challenging network assignments.

The program continually updates and revises its testing tools and methodologies to ensure unparalleled program quality, relevance and value. Through a rigorous written exam and a performance based lab, the CCIE program sets the standard for internetworking expertise.

Cisco introduced the CCIE certification in 1993 to assist the industry in distinguishing the top echelon of internetworking experts worldwide. Today , CCIE certification holders represent less than 3% of all certified Cisco professionals and less than 1% of the networking professionals worldwide.
New Value Programs

Cisco has enhanced its expert-level learning program to offer additional value and training assurance to help you on your journey towards CCIE certification.

Learn more.
Cisco Announces New Service Provider Operations Track

Built on the growing demand for dedicated professionals who can manage, maintain and troubleshoot complex service provider IP NGN core network infrastructures, Cisco is introducing a new Service Provider (SP) Operations track. This new track is focused on developing associate, professional and expert-level capabilities to operate large, complex SP networks.

Learn more.
Cisco 360 Learning Program

The Cisco 360 Learning Program is the smart way to ensure that you and your staff are equipped with expert-level skills, knowledge, and training to support your customers and maintain the Cisco CCIE® requirement for your organization. As the only CCIE training program authorized by Cisco, the program is designed to accelerate expert-level competency and provide the skills and training that are needed to prepare candidates for the rigorous CCIE R&S and Voice lab exams.

* Program Overview
* Cisco Lab Safe

Core Knowledge Removed for CCIE R&S and Voice

Beginning on May 10, 2010, CCIE R&S and CCIE Voice Lab Exams, in all global locations, will no longer include the four, open-ended Core Knowledge questions.

Learn more.
New! CCIE Dubai Lab Location

The CCIE lab in Dubai has relocated to a new facility. Effective November 22, 2009, CCIE lab candidates testing in the Dubai test center should report to the new facility located at:

Cisco Systems Dubai
Plot No.- A004 - 024, Al Safouh-2
P.O.Box 500321
Knowledge Village, Dubai
UAE

CCDE ( Cisco Certified Design Expert )

Cisco Certified Design Expert
Expert Level Network Design and Architecture Experience

Cisco Certified Design Expert (CCDE™) validates advanced network infrastructure design principles and fundamentals for large networks. With a CCDE certification, a network professional demonstrate an ability to develop solutions which address planning, design, integration, optimization, operations, security and ongoing support focused at the infrastructure level for customer networks.
Prerequisites for CCDE

There are no formal prerequisites for CCDE certification. Other professional certifications or training courses are not required.
Recommended Training and Experience

It is expected that the candidate will have an in-depth understanding of the topics in the exam blueprints, a minimum of seven years job experience, and a thorough understanding of networking infrastructure principles. Please view the written exam information page for more details.
Step One: CCDE Written Exam

You must pass the two-hour, written qualification exam which covers advanced networking infrastructure design principles and concepts. Once you pass the qualification exam, you are then eligible to schedule the practical exam.

Written Exam Information

Written exams are scheduled and taken at Pearson Vue, Cisco's authorized testing vendor. Please visit the link below for more details and to schedule exams. Be sure to use the same candidate ID number for every exam that you take. If you use a different ID number, you will create a different record in the CCIE database and you will need to contact CCIE support for help in merging the records.

Schedule and Pay for Written Exam
Step Two: CCDE Practical Exam

The CCDE Practical exam is a design-scenario exam that tests your ability to perform design analysis, justify design requirements, and develop a design implementation based on best practices. The exam will assess your ability to apply your specific body of knowledge into current business problems of technical network design.

The topics covered in the Practical exam are located within the exam blueprint. The exam scenarios will change each instance the exam is delivered, however, the topics will remain the same.

Practical Exam Release for CCDE Certification

Cisco is now formally announcing the availability of the CCDE practical exam. The exam is currently scheduled on July 19, 2010 in Chicago, London and Hong Kong.

Learn More

Additional Resources

CCDE Information Sheet

Test Preparation Tools

The Cisco Learning Network is the official online community for Cisco customers seeking training and exam preparation tools as they enhance their careers through Cisco certifications. Click here to be a part of the Cisco Learning Network and gain access to certification practice questions, learning games, quick learning modules, videos, discussion forums, professional networking and more.

Accessing premium content and participating in the social learning activities requires a Cisco Learning Network registration. Those who already have a Cisco.com account will need to use the same user ID and email address when registering on the Cisco Learning Network site.

CCNP Wireless

CCNP Wireless Certification

CCNP Wireless certification addresses the need for designing, implementing, and operating Cisco Wireless networks and mobility infrastructures. CCNP Wireless certification emphasizes wireless networking principles and theory. It also recognizes the expertise and technical acumen of wireless professionals who can assess and translate network business requirements into technical specifications that in turn, are incorporated into successful installations.

CCNP Wireless syllabus

CCNP Wireless Prerequisites
Valid CCNA Wireless Certification or any CCIE Certification can act as a pre-requisite.

CCNP Wireless Exams & Recommended Training
Required Exam(s)

Recommended Training
642-731 CUWSS Conducting Cisco Unified Wireless Site Survey (CUWSS)
642-741 IUWVN Implementing Cisco Unified Wireless Voice Networks (IUWVN)
642-746 IUWMS Implementing Cisco Unified Wireless Mobility Services (IUWMS)
642-736 IAUWS Implementing Advanced Cisco Unified Wireless Security (IAUWS)

CCNP Recertification

Cisco professional level certifications (CCNP, CCDP, CCSP, CCVP, CCIP, and CCNP Wireless) are valid for three years. To recertify, pass any 642 exam that is part of the professional level curriculum or any CCIE/CCDE written exam before the certification expiration date.

Achieving or recertifying any of the certifications above automatically extends your active Associate and Professional level certification(s) up to the point of expiration of the last certification achieved. For more information, access the Cisco About Recertification page.

Additional Information

The Cisco Learning Network brings you the latest in social networking, certifications content, games, blogs, discussion forums and more!

Click here to be a part of the Cisco Learning Network.

Register to create your own personal account. You will have to create a new account as your current logins will not work. Accessing premium content and participating in the social networking activities requires a Cisco Learning Network registration. Those who already have a Cisco.com account are encouraged to use the same user ID and email address when registering on the Cisco Learning Network site.

CCDP

CCDP Certification

Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP®) validates advanced knowledge of network design concepts and principles. With a CCDP certification, a network professional can discuss, design, and create advanced addressing and routing, security, network management, data center, and IP multicast complex multi-layered enterprise architectures that include virtual private networking and wireless domains. The CCDP curriculum includes building scalable internetworks, building multilayer switched networks, and designing network service architecture.

CCDP syllabus

Partners: Log in for Partner E-Learning Connection (PEC) learning map

* CCDP Track I Learning Map
* CCDP Track II Learning Map


CCDP Prerequisites
Valid CCNA and CCDA or any CCIE Certification can act as a pre-requisite.

CCDP Exams & Recommended Training
Required Exam(s)

Recommended Training
642-901 BSCI
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
OR
642-902 ROUTE Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)
642-812 BCMSN
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
OR
642-813 SWITCH Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks (SWITCH)
642-873 ARCH Designing Cisco Network Service Architecture (ARCH)
OR
Required Exam(s)

Recommended Training
642-892 Composite
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)

Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
642-873 ARCH Designing Cisco Network Service Architectures (ARCH)

CCDP Recertification

Cisco professional level certifications (CCNP, CCNP Wireless, CCDP, CCSP, CCVP, and CCIP) are valid for three years. To recertify, pass any 642 exam that is part of the professional level curriculum or any CCIE/CCDE written exam before the certification expiration date.

Achieving or recertifying any of the certifications above automatically extends your active Associate and Professional level certification(s) up to the point of expiration of the last certification achieved. For more information, access the Cisco About Recertification page.

Additional Information

The Cisco Learning Network brings you the latest in social networking, certifications content, games, blogs, discussion forums and more!

Click here to be a part of the Cisco Learning Network.

Register to create your own personal account. You will have to create a new account as your current logins will not work. Accessing premium content and participating in the social networking activities requires a Cisco Learning Network registration. Those who already have a Cisco.com account are encouraged to use the same user ID and email address when registering on the Cisco Learning Network site.

CCIP

CCIP Certification

Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP®) validates advanced knowledge and skills required to manage service provider infrastructures. With a CCIP certification, a network professional working in a service provider organization demonstrates competencies in infrastructure IP networking solutions. The CCIP curriculum includes IP routing, IP QoS, BGP, and MPLS.

CCIP syllabus

Partners: Log in for Partner E-Learning Connection (PEC) learning map

* CCIP Learning Map


CCIP Prerequisites
Valid CCNA or any CCIE Certification can act as a pre-requisite.

CCIP Exams & Recommended Training
Required Exam(s)

Recommended Training
642-901 BSCI
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
OR
642-892 Composite
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)

Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
OR
642-902 ROUTE Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)
642-642 QOS Implementing Cisco Quality of Service (QoS)
642-661 BGP Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers (BGP)
642-611 MPLS Implementing Cisco MPLS (MPLS)
OR
Required Exam(s)

Recommended Training
642-901 BSCI
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
OR
642-892 Composite
Last day to test: July 31, 2010 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)

Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
OR
642-902 ROUTE Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)
642-642 QOS Implementing Cisco Quality of Service (QoS)
642-691 BGP+MPLS Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers (BGP)

Implementing Cisco MPLS (MPLS)

CCIP Recertification

Cisco professional level certifications (CCNP, CCNP Wireless, CCDP, CCSP, CCVP, and CCIP) are valid for three years. To recertify, pass any 642 exam that is part of the professional level curriculum or any CCIE/CCDE written exam before the certification expiration date.

Achieving or recertifying any of the certifications above automatically extends your active Associate and Professional level certification(s) up to the point of expiration of the last certification achieved. For more information, access the Cisco About Recertification page.

Additional Information

The Cisco Learning Network brings you the latest in social networking, certifications content, games, blogs, discussion forums and more!

Click here to be a part of the Cisco Learning Network.

Register to create your own personal account. You will have to create a new account as your current logins will not work. Accessing premium content and participating in the social networking activities requires a Cisco Learning Network registration. Those who already have a Cisco.com account are encouraged to use the same user ID and email address when registering on the Cisco Learning Network site.